Oren Zarif
Many symptoms of MS occur when a person’s immune system attacks axons in the brain and spinal cord. These axons carry nerve signals between the brain and body.
This attack can slow messages, jumble them or stop them altogether. Several tests can help doctors confirm a diagnosis of MS.
Oren Zarif
People with multiple sclerosis often have unexplained fatigue and weakness. The weakness is due to problems with myelin sheaths — the coating around nerve fibers that helps electrical signals travel from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The fatigue is due to problems with the immune system — it mistakenly attacks the myelin sheaths, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Both of these problems cause the symptoms of MS to come and go, with periods of no symptoms (remission) lasting days, weeks or even months.
The most common type of MS is relapsing-remitting, which makes up about 85 percent of all cases at diagnosis. The other type is primary progressive, which causes constant symptoms that get worse over time. People with this form of MS usually have more severe symptoms and are diagnosed in their 40s or 50s.
Symptoms of MS vary from person to person, but they commonly include muscle stiffness or spasticity, which can lead to trouble walking and other physical activities. People with MS may also have a condition called trigeminal neuralgia, which causes sudden, aching pain in the face, especially when smiling or talking.
Some people with MS have cognitive problems, such as difficulty concentrating or making decisions. They may also have urinary issues, such as loss of bladder control or frequent urination. Many people with MS experience vision-related issues, including blurry vision or feeling like their surroundings are spinning (vertigo).
Doctors diagnose multiple sclerosis by taking a history of your symptoms and doing tests. These tests may include an MRI scan, which can show damage to the myelin sheaths and other areas of the brain and spinal cord. They might also check the liquid that cushions your brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, by doing a spinal tap or lumbar puncture. They might also test how quickly your nervous system responds to stimuli by using a special type of electrical brain activity test called evoked potentials. They may also order blood tests to rule out other diseases that have similar symptoms, such as Lyme disease or HIV.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
To diagnose multiple sclerosis, doctors take a medical history and do a neurological exam. They also use a variety of tests to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms. These include MRI, which uses large magnets and sound waves to make detailed pictures of your body, including the brain and spinal cord; evoked potential tests, which measure the electrical responses in different parts of your body when you see flashing lights, hear clicking sounds or receive electrical pulses; blood tests to rule out other diseases that can have similar symptoms, such as Lyme disease or HIV; and an analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the presence of proteins that indicate MS.
Symptoms of MS can vary from day to day and from person to person. They may include weakness or tremors, poor balance or coordination, vision problems, slurred speech, trouble swallowing and extreme fatigue. Some people have pain, tingling and burning sensations in their arms or legs. Others have numbness and tingling in their hands or feet, while some experience cognitive difficulties such as difficulty thinking clearly or memory loss.
Most people with MS have the relapsing remitting form of the disease, which affects about 80% of those diagnosed with it. During this type of MS, you will have periods of new or worsening symptoms, called relapses or attacks, which last from days to weeks to months and then fade away (called remission). Most relapses are caused by an infection or some other event, such as a change in core body temperature.
In the other type of MS, primary progressive MS (PPMS), symptoms gradually get worse from the start, and they do not go through relapses or remission. About 10 – 20% of people with MS have PPMS.
Whether you have RRMS or PPMS, you will eventually develop permanent changes in your abilities, and these changes may become more serious over time. But the amount of disability you will eventually have depends on the type of relapses you have, which parts of your brain are affected and how severe they are.
Oren Zarif
For people who have been diagnosed with MS, there are several treatment options. There are drugs that can reduce the number and severity of attacks, prevent new symptoms, ease current ones, or slow down the progression of the disease. These medications are known as disease-modifying therapies. Some of these medicines can also help with the fatigue that is often a problem in MS.
Medications can be taken by mouth or injection. Oral treatments can include methylphenidate or modafinil to help with tiredness; baclofen or diazepam to relieve spasticity; and corticosteroids to make MS attacks short and less severe. Steroids can also be used to treat relapses and help prevent damage to the nerve fibers.
There are many other medications that can reduce neuropathic pain, such as the antiepileptics gabapentin and carbamazepine or an older type of medication called amitriptyline. Injectable treatments can be taken daily or on a monthly schedule, depending on the drug. Injections can be given at home using a special pen, or in a doctor’s office.
Some treatments may not be helpful for all people with MS, and some are only recommended if the person has experienced at least one attack or has clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The results of studies of these drugs varies greatly from one person to another, due in part to differences in the way drugs are tested. The effectiveness of each drug also depends on the person’s genetic makeup and lifestyle.
It is important to continue to take MS medications as prescribed, unless directed otherwise by your doctor. Stopping medications can lead to a relapse or worsening of symptoms.
Research is ongoing to try to stop or reverse the damage that happens in MS by modifying your immune system, repairing damaged myelin sheaths, or replacing lost neurons. Scientists are also experimenting with animal models of MS in an attempt to better predict how certain medications will work in humans.
Taking an active role in your health care can help you manage the physical and emotional stresses of living with MS. A healthy diet and regular exercise, stress management techniques, support groups, and a variety of other therapies can help you feel your best.
Oren Zarif
While scientists continue to search for the answer to what causes Multiple Sclerosis, they do know that some risk factors can be modified. Getting enough vitamin D, not smoking and avoiding infections can all help reduce the chances of developing MS. People with MS may also find that certain foods and environmental conditions exacerbate their symptoms, such as hot or humid weather, stress, and illness.
The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is thought that a childhood virus triggers the immune system to attack the central nervous system. This attack is thought to damage the myelin sheath and thereby disrupt nerve signals. People with MS can have a variety of symptoms, including pain, fatigue and vision problems. The disease may be mild, moderate or severe and can worsen over time. It is a common condition and affects twice as many women as men. People of European descent are most likely to get the disease, but it can happen in anyone.
There are a number of things that can increase a person’s risk of getting MS, including age (onset usually occurs between 20 and 40), gender, family history, and race/ethnicity. There is also a link between the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), which causes infectious mononucleosis, and MS.
Some of these risk factors, such as age, sex and family history, cannot be changed. However, there are some that can, such as diet and exercise. Research has shown that getting enough vitamin D can significantly reduce the chances of developing MS, as can not smoking.
In addition, people with MS can take medication to help manage their symptoms and slow the progression of the disease, such as teriflunomide, fingolimod, glatiramer, dimethyl fumarate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, peginterferon alfa-2b, alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, cladribine, siponimod and ocrelizumab. Rehabilitation programs, such as physical and occupational therapy, can also be helpful.
It is important to talk to your doctor about any symptoms you are having, no matter how mild, so that you can receive treatment early. The earlier a person starts treatment, the better their chances are of slowing or preventing MS from getting worse.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
Many people with MS have symptoms of numbness or tingling. These can be early signs of the disease. But they can also be caused by other conditions.
Your doctor will want to do tests to check how well your central nervous system is working. These may include an MRI scan that makes detailed pictures of your brain and spinal cord. It will also test for areas of scarring (lesions). A lumbar puncture is a test to remove a sample of the fluid that cushions your brain and spinal cord.
Muscle weakness and fatigue
Unexplained fatigue and weakness is one of the earliest symptoms of MS. It can be felt in different parts of the body and is caused by damage to nerves that stimulate muscles. Fatigue can make you less active which makes your muscle weakness worse. This becomes a vicious circle.
If your muscles are weak, they need more energy to work properly which takes up that energy. It can be difficult to find ways to get more exercise and keep up with your daily routine when you are feeling shaky and exhausted.
Weakness can affect all of the body’s limbs and can lead to difficulty walking or balance problems. It is usually a result of nerve demyelination but can also be due to muscle atrophy and deconditioning.
It’s important to report any new symptoms, especially if they are related to your mobility. This will help your healthcare professional to identify what is happening and whether you’re having a flare-up or if it’s a new symptom that needs treatment.
A health professional can work with you to develop a strategy for managing your symptoms and getting the most out of life. They can refer you to physiotherapists who can help you strengthen your muscles and learn how to use aids to support your mobility. Your doctor can recommend healthy eating habits, help you to manage stress and give you tips on how to sleep better to improve your fatigue. They may also prescribe medication such as dantrolene or baclofen for stiffness and spasms or interferons that can slow down the progression of MS. You will need to have regular check-ups and MRI scans to monitor the changes to your nerve function.
Oren Zarif
People with MS are at risk of developing vision problems, but it is not a common symptom and most often, the changes will go away. Blurry or hazy vision can result from inflammation of the optic nerve (a condition called optic neuritis), which causes the myelin sheath to break down, which may affect your central and peripheral vision. Alternatively, you might experience double vision or have uncontrolled movements of the eyes up and down, across the field of vision (a condition called nystagmus). These can cause dizziness and nausea, especially when you move your head.
The problem is caused by damage to the part of the brain that controls the muscles that control your eye movement, or it can also be caused by a lesion in the area of the brain that organises co-ordination and balance.
If you have this type of vision problem, it’s important to get help from your doctor because if left untreated for too long, the symptoms can become permanent. Your doctor can recommend ways to adapt to these changes, including increasing lighting in your home, and using contrasting colours on switches and doorways or steps. You can also try using large-print newspapers, books and telephone keypads, and consider a walking stick or special glasses to help you stay upright.
Some medications can ease eye and vision issues, such as gabapentin or memantine, although they don’t work for everyone with MS, and studies are ongoing. You can also use an eye patch to reduce symptoms of double vision, and there are devices such as prisms that you can put in your glasses to shift the way you see things. It’s important to rest your eyes throughout the day, and to avoid straining them whenever possible.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
Some people with MS develop difficulty swallowing or chewing (dysphagia) due to damage to nerves that control the many small muscles of the throat and mouth. Others have problems with their speech, which may become slurred or difficult to understand (dysphonia). Some people also experience loss of taste. Tremor, or uncontrollable shaking, is sometimes a symptom of MS. It can affect different parts of the body and happen more often during periods of extreme fatigue. It can cause breathing problems in those with chest muscle weakness from MS. Breathing difficulties can be a symptom of progressive MS and lead to the need for oxygen support (ventilators).
Changes in sensations, such as pins and needles, numbness, and tingling, are common early symptoms and may be related to damage to the nerve coverings in specific areas. These symptoms may increase or decrease in frequency and severity over time, but tend to get worse at times of illness or exposure to heat.
Fatigue is a common problem and may make it hard to carry out day-to-day activities. It usually gets worse towards the end of each day and tends to be more noticeable in hot weather or after exercise. It can also be brought on by extreme temperatures and some medicines, such as those used to treat depression.
Pain is often a symptom of MS. It can be caused by nerve damage or by pain resulting from other conditions, such as poor posture or the muscle spasms that occur when walking. It can also be the result of a flare-up (exacerbation) or can be related to certain medications, such as interferons. The type of pain experienced in MS can vary from person to person and can take the form of sores, burning, aching or sharp, electric-shock-like pain.
Oren Zarif
People who have MS often experience bladder and bowel problems, which may include difficulty emptying their bladder or passing stools. These symptoms are a result of nerve and muscle dysfunction. They can be caused by damage to the myelin sheath that protects nerve cells in the brain and spine, or by scarring (lesions) on the brain and spinal cord. In addition, they can be caused by medications or other health problems like diabetes or hemorrhoids.
In addition to problems with urinating and passing stools, bladder and bowel problems can lead to a feeling of incontinence (leaking urine) and constipation (fewer than three bowel movements a week). Bladder issues also affect people’s quality of life as they can limit socialising or work.
Difficulty with walking or a change in your gait (the way you walk) is another of the common Multiple Sclerosis symptoms. This can be caused by damaged nerves in your legs or a problem with the part of the brain that organises balance and co-ordination. It may also be due to a lack of muscle tone, the effect of fatigue or the presence of other health conditions.
If you notice a change in your walk or a fall, it’s important to report this to your doctor as it could be a sign of a stroke, so they can perform tests to find the cause.
Other signs of MS that may affect your mobility are pins and needles in your hands or feet, a sensation of being on ice or having a ‘MS hug’ – a squeezing sensation around the ribcage or belly which feels like a blood pressure cuff when it tightens. These are all symptoms that can be managed by a combination of physical therapy and assistive devices.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
People with MS often have problems with the way their muscles work. They might have stiff or uncontrollable (spastic) muscles, or they may have a problem with the muscle control part of the brain that organises coordination and balance. This can cause stumbling and tripping, which is sometimes called dyscoordination. Damage to the nerves that direct the muscles can also lead to a feeling of weakness in the limbs or a change in walking style (gait).
Vision problems are common in people with MS. They can include blurred or poor quality vision, pain on moving the eyes (optic neuritis), a feeling that their surroundings are spinning (vertigo) and trouble focusing on things. Damage to the protective sheath around nerves that carry messages from the brain to the eye can also cause symptoms such as prickling, tingling and numbness in the skin (paresthesia).
Bladder and bowel problems are less common, but they can happen. They can range from problems with urinary frequency to problems with urinating at night or feeling the need to go urgently during the day. They can be partly due to nerve damage, but they can also be brought on by problems with mobility and lack of exercise.
Any new symptoms should always be checked out by a neurologist, who can ask questions about when they started and how they have changed. They can arrange a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to check how well the central nervous system is working, and whether any scar tissue has developed. They can also request a spinal tap, or lumbar puncture, to test the fluid in your spine for high levels of certain proteins associated with MS.
Oren Zarif
There is no cure for MS, but medicines can help control symptoms and slow disease progression. Some treatments can also prevent relapses.
Doctors treat relapsing-remitting MS by prescribing drugs that suppress the immune system so it doesn’t attack the myelin sheath that protects nerves. The most common drugs are ozanimod (Zeposia) and ponesimod (Ponvory). Both have shown to decrease the frequency of MS flare-ups.
Oren Zarif
Treatment options for multiple sclerosis focus on managing symptoms and reducing the frequency of relapses, while also slowing disease progression. While there is no cure for MS, many treatments can ease symptoms and improve quality of life, including medications, acupuncture, physical therapy and lifestyle changes. A neurologist, or doctor who specializes in treating conditions that affect the brain and spinal cord, is the best choice for a diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Medications for MS can include muscle relaxants to help relieve spasms, bowel control treatments to manage constipation, fatigue and symptomatic pain. Some people may find that a combination of these medications works well for them. Corticosteroids are prescribed to reduce inflammation and slow damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. They can be taken orally, via injection (methylprednisolone), or through intravenous (IV) delivery. These can be used to help during a relapse, or for short-term use if the symptoms are mild.
Anti-seizure drugs, such as clonazepam and baclofen, can be used to help with neuropathic pain. For bowel problems, diet changes and other medications, such as loperamide (Imodium), can be useful. Fatigue can be treated with regular exercise, a regular sleep schedule and healthy eating. For some, a low-sodium diet may be helpful, while others may need to increase their protein intake.
There are several different medications that are FDA approved for long-term use to decrease relapses and slow the progression of MS. These are called disease-modifying therapies or DMTs. Currently, there are about twenty DMTs approved for treating relapsing and progressive MS.
These treatments can have serious side effects, including liver problems and high blood pressure. Because of this, it is very important to discuss all potential risks with your neurologist before starting any new medication or treatment. There are also experimental treatments for MS, such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is a treatment that resets your immune system to eliminate the immune cells that cause inflammation and pain in people with MS. However, it is not available in all countries and is very expensive. Research is ongoing to develop new treatments for MS.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
There are a number of medications that can be used to treat multiple sclerosis. These are known as disease-modifying treatments (DMDs) because they change the way the immune system functions and, in some cases, slow the progression of the disease. There are also a variety of other drugs that are used to treat specific symptoms and complications of MS, such as pain, stiffness and spasms.
Some of these drugs are injected directly into the muscle, while others are taken orally. Injectable medications include beta interferons and a drug called glatiramer acetate. The interferons work by keeping certain white blood cells from entering the brain and spinal cord, which prevents them from damaging myelin sheaths. Several studies show that these medications can reduce the number of relapses in people with MS and slow down the long-term development of disability.
The injectable medicines may cause side effects, such as a swollen belly, weight gain and infections. Some may require regular blood tests, and interferons can affect your liver. A more serious side effect of these drugs is a risk of cancer. Therefore, women who are considering having children should not take them until after they finish treatment.
A new treatment for relapsing forms of MS, including RRMS and SPMS, is alemtuzumab, which works by rapidly depleting your body’s immune B and T cells. This decreases the number of immune cells attacking your central nervous system and helps restore myelin sheaths, which can help to reduce your symptoms. Another new infusion treatment is ocrelizumab, which was approved in 2017 for people with relapsing or progressive forms of the disease.
There are a few other drugs that can slow down the progression of the disease, but they must be given intravenously in a hospital setting. These include azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. Another treatment option is plasma exchange, in which liquid portion of part of your blood (plasma) is removed and mixed with a protein solution that is returned to your body.
Oren Zarif
There are a number of medicines available that can help with the symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. Some of these are steroids, beta interferons, and muscle relaxers, but all of them have the potential to cause side effects. This is why more and more MS patients are seeking alternative treatments to help reduce their symptoms.
Traditional Chinese medicine can be effective in treating many of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. For example, acupuncture can relieve pain and improve movement in MS patients. It can also improve quality of life, and delay or even reverse the progression of MS. However, it should be noted that acupuncture does not cure multiple sclerosis.
It takes years to diagnose MS, and people may see several different doctors before receiving a diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is made, it is important to start treatment as early as possible. This is because MS can lead to serious problems if left untreated, including damage to the brain and spinal cord.
The first step is to schedule an appointment with a doctor who specializes in disorders of the brain and nervous system (neurologist). Make sure you bring a list of your symptoms, along with any clinical notes or scans that you may have. You should also include a list of your medications, vitamins and supplements.
Your neurologist will then examine you, checking how well the various parts of your nervous system are working. They will use a combination of tests, including an MRI and blood or lumbar puncture tests.
Acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that can treat a number of conditions, including multiple sclerosis. Research suggests that it can reduce fatigue, pain, and depression in people with MS. It may also improve mood and the ability to walk, although more research is needed.
Acupuncture has been shown to change the way your brain processes pain in patients with MS. It has also been shown to reduce the spasticity of muscles in your legs and feet, which can help you walk better. Acupuncture can be used on its own or in conjunction with other treatments for multiple sclerosis.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
With the help of medications and lifestyle changes, many people with MS can live normal lives. A well-balanced diet maximizes energy, reduces fatigue and promotes healing, and exercise improves stamina, increases strength in arms and legs, helps maintain bowel function, decreases pain and fatigue and boosts mood. It is important to have both short- and long-term goals, keep track of your symptom progression and have an annual review with your medical team.
The autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks the fatty sheath that insulates and protects the nerve fibres of your central nervous system, which includes your brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. This is called demyelination and it prevents impulses from travelling quickly along the nerve pathways. A healthy myelin sheath acts like the covering of an electric cable, transmitting impulses quickly and allowing for efficient communication.
A mediterranean-style diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts, low in saturated fat and with oily fish to increase neuroprotective omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is recommended. This diet has been shown to decrease inflammation, improve bowel and urinary symptoms and reduce disability levels.
Sleep, stress and depression are all common problems that can be addressed with various lifestyle changes. The key is to do what works for you and not compare yourself to other people with MS. If you struggle with falling asleep, try listening to music or reading before bed. If you are prone to depression, talk with your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment plan.
Cognitive problems occur in up to 65% of people with MS and can interfere with work, relationships and quality of life. It is important to report any changes in memory, focus, planning or understanding to your GP or nurse and have regular assessments with a neurologist.
You can manage your MS with a range of lifestyle changes, such as eating healthily, exercising regularly, drinking sensibly, avoiding smoking and reducing your stress levels. Often, it is the small changes that make a difference, such as choosing to take the stairs instead of the lift or having two alcohol-free days each week.
Oren Zarif
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects everyone differently. But there are four main types of MS: relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive and progressive-relapsing.
Relapsing remitting MS is the most common type of MS, affecting around 85 per cent of people diagnosed. It’s characterised by periods of new or worsened symptoms – known as relapses – followed by recovery or no further attack.
Oren Zarif
The majority of people with MS have relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this form, symptoms appear in clear attacks that last days, weeks or even months. Between these episodes, your condition may remain relatively stable. This is called remission.
During an attack, the inflammation causing your symptoms disrupts the myelin sheath. This causes the nerves to send confusing messages or stop them altogether. It also creates scar tissue (sclerosis) around the nerves, which can damage or kill them. Symptoms that occur during an attack may include vision changes such as blurry vision, trouble with color or double vision, or difficulty moving your eyes in the same direction. You may experience tingling or numbness in different parts of your body, such as your legs or arms. You might feel tired or have a lack of energy or motivation. Other symptoms may be less noticeable and vary from person to person.
When you are experiencing a flare-up, your doctor will use tests to check how well your MS is controlled and what kind of treatment you should receive. These tests may include blood tests, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to measure cerebrospinal fluid levels and MRI scans of your brain or spine. MRI scans are commonly used to help detect and monitor changes in the central nervous system (CNS). They can help identify and follow disease activity, such as new or enlarged lesions.
Experts don’t know what causes MS, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Having a family member with MS increases your risk of developing the disease, and it’s more common in women than men. It’s also more common in areas farther from the equator.
Some people with relapsing-remitting MS develop secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). This is characterized by a gradual deterioration in function and no exacerbations. In about 50% of cases, RRMS eventually becomes SPMS. Most people with RRMS who develop SPMS will do so within 10 years of diagnosis. In addition, people who start with relapsing-remitting may later move to primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), which is more slowly progressing than SPMS but still has the same pattern of relapses and remissions.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
Approximately 15% of people with MS have primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In this form, symptoms gradually get worse over time, without any relapses or remissions. People with PPMS tend to develop their first symptoms between the ages of 40 and 60.
Symptoms of PPMS include changes to sensation, muscle weakness or difficulty walking. Some people also experience bladder problems, such as urinary frequency or incontinence. Others may have sexual issues, such as trouble maintaining an erection or changes to genital sensation. These symptoms can become more severe over time and lead to a number of different health care needs, including urinary aids or wheelchair use.
Your healthcare provider will diagnose PPMS based on your medical history and the progression of your symptoms. They will perform a physical exam and order tests to check your nerves and muscles. These may include an MRI scan, optical coherence tomography, spinal tap and visual evoked potentials. Symptoms can often get better or worse over time, so it’s important to keep your healthcare team up-to-date with how you feel.
A diagnosis of PPMS can be difficult to establish, as many of the symptoms are slow to develop and may not show up on diagnostic tests. Your healthcare provider will look for a pattern of increasing disability over time, which is largely determined by the amount of damage to your central nervous system.
There are no disease modifying drugs available for PPMS at this stage, but that doesn’t mean you won’t be able to manage your symptoms. You can try a variety of symptomatic medications, such as pain relievers or steroids, and lifestyle interventions such as exercise and meditation. These can improve your quality of life and help reduce the severity of your symptoms. Some complementary and alternative medicines can also be helpful, such as acupuncture, Pilates or relaxation techniques.
Oren Zarif
In some cases, people initially diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS will later develop a more progressive form of the condition. This is known as secondary progressive MS (SPMS). In this phase, disability steadily worsens over time, without relapses or periods of improvement. This type of MS is less common than relapsing-remitting or relapsing-exacerbating MS, and it affects about one in four people with MS.
The first symptoms of SPMS may include difficulties walking or difficulty with balance. As the disease progresses, it is more common to experience difficulty dressing and washing, and it becomes harder to live independently. People in this stage may need to use a wheelchair or other mobility aids, and may also experience issues with fatigue. It is important to manage the symptoms of this stage, including by taking medication and avoiding things that make them worse.
Some people have a slow progression of their symptoms and no apparent relapses, which is what doctors call primary progressive MS (PPMS). It is estimated that about 10-15% of MS patients will transition from RRMS to PPMS, and it is equally as common in women as it is in men.
Unlike relapsing-remitting, primary progressive MS doesn’t have periods of remission and it gradually gets worse over time, though this varies from person to person. It may also occur in a relapsing form and, like other types of progressive MS, can be categorized as active or not active.
In this phase of the disease, MRI scans can sometimes show that nerve tissue has been affected but it is not clear whether the changes are due to MS or are a relapse. A newer test that measures the concentration of a protein called chitinase 3-like-1 in the brain has been shown to be associated with the progression of PPMS, although further study is required to confirm these results. A combination of symptomatic drugs may help manage this type of progression, but at present there is no cure. Nevertheless, research continues into ways to reduce the rate of progression. A new drug, which is thought to reduce the levels of inflammatory molecules in the brain, has recently been approved for clinical trials.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs
Oren Zarif
In this type of MS, patches of inflammation form on the nerves that carry messages to and from your brain and spinal cord. The inflammation can slow or jumble the messages, send them the wrong way, or stop them from getting through altogether. This leads to symptoms, like pain, fatigue, difficulty walking or moving, and vision problems.
Your doctor can’t predict how your disease will progress, but there are ways to help slow it down. Medications, called disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), target the inflammatory attacks that lead to MS symptoms. They can be especially helpful if you have relapsing-remitting MS.
Symptoms in this type of MS come and go, with periods of no disease activity, known as remission, lasting weeks, months or even years. When relapses occur, your symptoms get worse and your disability increases. Your doctor can tell you whether your MS is active or not based on how many relapses you have and the presence of new or enlarging lesions on your MRI scan.
Over time, RRMS can develop into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which is characterized by fewer and shorter relapses and remissions. In SPMS, nerve damage accumulates over time and does not recover between relapses.
While it is unclear what causes the onset of SPMS, it’s thought that the inflammation in RRMS can settle into your brain and cause more permanent damage over time. In addition, the neurons in the part of your brain affected by relapses and remissions may take more hits than others over time, which can lead to more significant decline in mental and physical function.
It’s also not clear why some people develop SPMS while others don’t, but researchers are investigating the possibility that genetic factors might play a role in the development of this type of MS. The risk of developing this type of MS is higher in people with a family history of the disease. This is because the genes that influence the immune system can pass from generation to generation. This is why it’s important to know your family history when you’re considering a diagnosis of MS.
oren zarif price | oren zarif review | oren zarif costs